The Changing Material Conditions of Cameroonian Migrants in South Africa: What does this say about an “Afrophobic†post-apartheid State?

Abstract

Violent attacks on African migrants have produced a richer body of knowledge on
African transnational migration, xenophobia/Afrophobia, and their intersections with
questions of citizenship and autochthony, especially in a country that historically has
always been a home for African migrants. Constellations of narratives now vilify South
Africa as a demonic state whose hatred of Africans and fixation on exorcising them
have short-circuited the process of nation-building. The vilification of South Africa
also tells us that many researchers, scholars, and even migrants are unaware of the ways
that the country has transformed the lives of its increasing African migrant population.
This article reflects on the changing material conditions of Cameroonians in South
Africa to understand why this “Afrophobic†state is still a key migration destination
for Cameroonians. Drawing on personal exilic experiences, observations, and relevant
literature, we argue that despite the victimization of Africans, including Cameroonians,
this constitutional democracy has opened up political, economic and sociocultural
opportunities for many Cameroonians residing permanently in the country. In
forging this argument, the article interrogates the political landscape in Cameroon
and examines key economic and sociocultural moments/activities in South Africa as
well as accomplishments in this migrant community, to elicit how access to different
opportunities in South Africa has significantly transformed the lives of Cameroonians.